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Biopsychosocial Assessment Students will complete a biopsychosocial of an individual of their choosing. A biopsychosocial history is a comprehensive assessment of an individual. The assessment does not have a specific length but should not exceed 10 double-spaced pages. It is expected that you will complete the assessment fully and in a professional manner. This includes paragraph form (no bullet points), complete descriptions, and using formal writing (without contractions, slang, etc.).
This assignment provides an opportunity for you to practice conceptualizing what you have learned (and are presumably still learning) in class. Social workers frequently complete assessments as part of their regular job description. This is an opportunity to complete an assessment and get feedback before doing one in a professional setting. All information included in the assessment should be from the client’s perspective and should avoid subjective opinions.
This assignment will also have a reflective component in which you will evaluate how well you were able to engage the client and use the interviewing skills studied in class.
Biopsychosocial assessments include the following:
- Identifying information (e.g., name, age, etc.)
- A history of the present circumstances (i.e., the presenting problem, symptoms)
- The past psychiatric and medical history of the client and the client’s family (e.g., injuries, operations, etc.)
- The client’s social history (e.g., overview of client’s childhood, family structure, etc.)
- A mental status exam and DSM-5diagnosis
- A formulation (e.g., a statement that summarizes and synthesizes the most important aspects of the case to create a story of the client and his or her past and presenting problems)
An example of what a Biopsychosocial Assessment outline can look like is:
- Identifying Information
- Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem
- Summary of the presenting problem
- Impact of the presenting problem (family, physical environment, economic, educational, occupational, physical/medical health, management of problem) Biopsychosocial Assessment
- past psychiatric and medical history of client
- past psychiatric and medical history of client’s family
- Social History
Overview of client’s childhood
Family Structure
Education
Employment
Environment
- Mental Status Exam
- DSM-V diagnosis
- Assessment tools used for diagnosis
- Diagnostic criteria of client
- Social Worker’s Assessment of Client
- A formulation (e.g., a statement that summarizes and synthesizes the most important aspects of the case to create a story of the client and his or her past and presenting problems)
- The reflective component in which you will evaluate how well you were able to engage the client and use the interviewing skills studied in class.
Please see the descriptions listed below to guide your writing within each area:
Identifying Information
This section should include information as the client’s as age, sex, race, religion, marital status, occupation, etc. Information should be factual, based on information stated by the client, collateral contacts, and records.
Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem
This section should identify the client’s description of the problem or services needed, including the duration of the problem and its consequences for the client. Past intervention efforts by an agency or the individual and/or family related to the presenting problem should also be summarized. In addition, comment on any of the following areas that have been impacted by the presenting problem:
- Family situation
- Physical and economic environment
- Educational/occupational issues
- Physical health
- Relevant cultural, racial, religious, sexual orientation and cohort factors
- Current social/sexual/emotional relationships
- Legal issues Biopsychosocial Assessment
Client and Family Description and Functioning
This section should contain data that you observed. Include pertinent objective information about:
- The client’s physical appearance (dress, grooming, striking features);
- Communication styles and abilities or deficits;
- Thought processes (memory, intelligence, clarity of thought, mental status, etc.);
- Expressive overt behaviors (mannerisms, speech patterns, etc)
- Reports from professionals or family (medical, psychological, legal).
- DSM V diagnosis (if stated and appropriate)
Relevant History
This section should discuss past history as it relates to the presenting problem. While this section should be as factual as possible, it is the place to present how the specifics of the client’s culture, race, religion, or sexual orientation for example affect resolution of the presenting problem. Include applicable information about each of the following major areas or about related areas relevant to your client. (You are not limited by the outline below.)
Family of Origin History: Family composition; birth order; where and with whom reared; relationship with parents or guardian; relationships with siblings; abuse or other trauma; significant family events (births, deaths, divorce, separations, moves, etc.) and their effect on the client(s).
Relevant Developmental History: Birth defects or problems around the birth process, developmental milestones including mobility (crawling, walking, coordination); speech; toilet training; eating or sleeping problems; developmental delays or gifted areas. This section is especially important for clients who are children. It is critical to identify nonwestern expectations and practices for child rearing and development for clients from diverse backgrounds. Nature of stresses experiences client has encountered throughout his/her life in relation to ability to handle them; how he or she has solved the “tasks” of various age levels.
Family of Creation Interrelationships: Interacting roles within the family (e.g., who makes the decisions, handles the money, disciplines the children, does the marketing); typical family issues (e.g., disagreements, disappointments)
Educational and Occupational History: Level of education attained; school performance; learning problems, difficulties; areas of achievement; and peer relationships. Skills and training; type of employment; employment history; adequacy of wage earning ability; quality of work performance; relationship with authority figures and coworkers.
Religious (Spiritual) Development: Importance of religion in upbringing; affinity for religious or spiritual thought or activity; involvement in religious activities; positive or negative experiences.
Social Relationships: Size and quality of social network; ability to sustain friendships; pertinent social role losses or gains; social role performance within the client’s cultural context. Patterns of familial and social relationships historically.
Dating/Marital/Sexual: Type and quality of relationships; relevant sexual history; ability to sustain intimate (sexual and nonsexual) contact; significant losses; traumas; conflicts in intimate relationships; way of dealing with losses or conflicts. Currently, where do problems exist and where does the client manage successfully?
Medical/Psychological Health: Medical and psychological health problems, including drug, alcohol or tobacco use or misuse; medications; accidents; disabilities; emotional difficulties including mental illness; psychological reports; hospitalizations; impact on functioning; use of previous counseling help.
Legal: Juvenile or adult contact with legal authorities; type of problem(s); jail or prison sentence; effects of rehabilitation. Environmental Conditions: Urban or rural; Indigenous or alien to the neighborhood where he or she lives; economic and class structure of the neighborhood in relation to that of the client; description of the home.
Social Worker’s Assessment of the Client
This section should contain your thoughts and opinions. It is based on initial observations and information gathering efforts; however, it takes the observations and information to a new level. Here, you will integrate your view with an understanding of the client’s problem or situation, its underlying causes, and/or contributing factors and the prognosis for change. Summarize your understanding of the client’s presenting situation. To do this, draw upon what is known about the current and past situation that has led to the presenting situation; the social, cultural, familial, psychological, and economic factors that contribute to creating the problem and/or support solutions to the problem. As appropriate, comments on factors such as:
- Social emotional functioning–ability to express feelings, ability to form relationships, predominant mood or emotional pattern (e.g., optimism, pessimism, anxiety, temperament, characteristic traits, overall role performance and social competence, motivation and commitment to treatment)
- Psychological factors–reality testing, impulse control, judgment, insight, memory or recall, coping style and problem solving ability, characteristic defense mechanisms, notable problems. If applicable, include a formal diagnosis (e.g., DSM IV)
- Environmental issues and constraints or supports from the family, agency, community that affect the situation and its resolution. What does the environment offer for improved functioning (family, friends, church, school, work, clubs, groups, politics, and leisure time activities)?
- Issues related to cultural or other diversity that offer constraints or supports from the family, agency, community that affect the situation and its resolution.
- Strengths and Weaknesses in relation to Needs/Demands/Constraints in which the client functions:
- Capacities and skills
- Ways of communicating
- Perceptions of him/herself and others
- How energy is invested
- What disturbs or satisfies him or her
- Capacity for empathy and affection
- Affects and moods
- Control vs. impulsivity
- Spontaneity vs. inhibition
- Handling of sexuality and aggressiveness; dependency needs, self-esteem, and anxiety
- Attitudes toward authority, peers, and others
- Method and ability to solve problems Biopsychosocial Assessment