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A proliferation of endometrial glands.
Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a proliferation of endometrial glands. Endometrial glands are typically categorized into two groups: with atypia –neoplastic and without atypia (not neoplastic). Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia is of clinical significance because it may progress to, or coexist with, endometrial cancer. (Reed & Urban, 2021). EH results from the unopposed estrogenic stimulation of the endometrial tissue with a relative deficiency of the counterbalancing effects of progesterone. The irregular growth of the endometrium results in abnormal glands and presents major changes in the endometrium. It involves varying degrees of histopathological complexities and atypical features in the cells and nuclei. EH, if not treated, has the tendency to develop into endometrial cancer. (Singh & Puckett, 2022).
A proliferation of endometrial glands. Diagnosing range from atypical to simple hyperplasia. This varies based on histological appearance of the endometrium. Hyperplasia endometrium is first increased in volume and second qualitatively different from normal cycling endometrium. Both the glands and the stroma participate in this process so that the glands are not particularly crowded. The glands are usually uniformly rounded but may show marked variation in shape, with many cystically dilated forms. Their lining epithelium is pseudostratified to modestly stratified, contains occasional mitotic figures, and lacks nuclear atypia. (Silverberg, 2000).
Endometrial atrophy is a diagnosis pathologist use to describe endometria tissue that shows features of a process called atrophy. When a tissue undergoes atrophy, it becomes smaller and no longer functions normally. (Karavelic, 2021). Endometrial atrophy is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding among postmenopausal women, whereas endometrial hyperplasia and polyps are other common causes. (Begum & Samal, 2019).
To compare and contrast dysplasia and hyperplasia. Dysplasia is defined as an unequivocal neoplastic epithelium that remains confined within the basement membrane of the epithelium from which it developed. (Bennett et al., 2009). Hyperplasia is defined as the abnormal proliferation of endometrial cells usually caused by estrogen unopposed by the action of progesterone. (Petersen, 2009). (GET YOUR WORK DONE)
A proliferation of endometrial glands. Neoplasia is new growth. It can be either benign or malignant and correlates to the course of the neoplasm. Benign neoplasm remains localized in one place while malignant neoplasms invade surrounding tissue and, in most cases, can metastasize to distant organs. To become neoplastic, a normal cell must develop mutations that allow it to no longer obey boundaries of adjacent cells, thus allowing for uncontrolled growth, and the neoplasm must be able to produce its own blood supply. If the neoplasm is malignant, the cells must gain the ability to invade the basement membrane and surrounding tissue, enter the blood stream, and spread to and grow with distant organs. (Kemp et al., 2008).